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「試卷剖析」北京海淀區(qū)2022年高三英語一模答案與真題

更新時(shí)間:2024-06-11 00:31作者:小樂

海淀區(qū)2022年第二學(xué)期參考答案

第1部分知識(shí)應(yīng)用(兩部分共30分鐘)

第1部分(共10題: 每題1.5分,共15分)

1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A; 5.D; 6.B; 7.A; 8.C; 9.C; 10.B;

第二部分(共10題,每題1.5分,共15分)

11. 到; 12. 贏得; 13.他們的; 14.出席; 15.誰的; 16.想象力; 17. 是否; 18.已被接受; 19. 共享; 20. 追逐;

第二部分閱讀理解(2部分,共38分)

第1部分(共14題,題,每題2分,共28分)

A部分:21.B; 22.C; 23. D;

B 部分:24.D; 25. A; 26.D;

C 部分:27.C; 28.C; 29.A; 30.B;

D 部分:31.C; 32.B; 33.D; 34.A;

第二部分(共5題,每題2分,共10分)

35; 36.B; 37.F; 38. A; 39.G;

北京市海淀區(qū)2022年高中英語模范

2022年3月29日

權(quán)威分析:2022年3月29日,北京市海淀區(qū),首次高中生英語模擬考試。時(shí)間過得真快,北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)第一屆高中生英語模擬考試剛剛結(jié)束。 3月29日,我們迎來了一年一度的北京市海淀區(qū)高中示范英語科目考試!各位同學(xué),大家都感覺良好!您覺得您的答案流暢嗎? 【其實(shí)海淀區(qū)的英語還是很難的,哈哈……不知道你同意嗎? 】今天劉凱老師第一時(shí)間給大家全網(wǎng)獨(dú)家解析。北京市海淀區(qū)2022年高中生英語科目。請關(guān)注新浪微博教育頻道和騰訊教育頻道!尊敬的同學(xué)們、家長們、老師們: 大家好。首先,我很榮幸參與2022年北京高中英語模式的獨(dú)家解析!作為2022年高中高年級模型分析組的一員,我向大家問好:祝大家2022年一切順利!如有錯(cuò)誤,敬請全市同仁指正并補(bǔ)充!我這次參加的分析部分如下: 模塊一:語法填空第二部分:完形填空第三部分:寫作第二部分(20分) 假設(shè)你是三年級班長李華(一)紅星中學(xué)。你們班即將開展五一活動(dòng)。請寫郵件給交換生Jjim邀請他參加。內(nèi)容包括: 1、活動(dòng)目的及安排; 2、注意事項(xiàng)。注:1、字?jǐn)?shù)100左右; 2.給出開頭和結(jié)尾,不計(jì)入總字?jǐn)?shù)。親愛的吉姆,您的,李華老師獨(dú)家分析:親愛的同學(xué)們,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),2022年海淀區(qū)高中生英語科目作文部分比往年要容易一些。問題的主旨非常明確。大家通過看題不難發(fā)現(xiàn)本文的寫作要求。我們先來觀察一下寫作的背景。你們班即將開展五一活動(dòng)。請寫郵件給交換生Jjim邀請他參加。本文為正宗的申請論文——邀請函。過去我們實(shí)踐過這種信函式的——邀請函?;叵肫鸪踔小局锌肌?,我們當(dāng)時(shí)寫過很多次邀請信,2022年3月29日海淀區(qū)高中示范英語作文也是一封邀請信。你很高興嗎?你是驚訝還是驚奇?小朋友們,快來分析一下邀請函吧!

邀請函寫作及實(shí)操邀請函:為特定活動(dòng)撰寫邀請函時(shí),應(yīng)寫清楚: 1)發(fā)送邀請函; 2)活動(dòng)的具體內(nèi)容、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn); 3)期望對方接受邀請。 【劉凱老師總結(jié)】寫作結(jié)構(gòu): 第一段:中間段:第一段:邀請?jiān)虻诙危夯顒?dòng)目的、安排和細(xì)節(jié)第三段:我的想法最后一段:第1部分知識(shí)應(yīng)用(共兩部分,30分) 第1部分(共10題;每題1.5分,共15分) 閱讀下面一段話,掌握其主要思想,然后從A開始,從B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng),并將其涂在答題卡上。我正要睡覺,有人敲我的窗戶。敲,敲。然后停頓三秒。敲,敲。我立刻就知道這是我最好的朋友本。敲門聲1是我們的緊急呼叫,這絕不意味著什么好“發(fā)生了什么事”,我沖過去打開窗戶問道。 “怎么了?”我趕緊打開窗戶問道。本爬了進(jìn)去?!皦南??!彼戳宋覂裳郏伊⒖叹椭滥鞘鞘裁戳?。我的心3.我向他點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭,他嘆了口氣作為回應(yīng)。 “去哪兒?”我問。 “我問。‘弗吉尼亞’。”那離佛羅里達(dá)很遠(yuǎn)?!澳请x佛羅里達(dá)很遠(yuǎn)?!蔽覀兠婷嫦嘤U,知道我們的想法是一樣的。本和我的父母都在空軍。我們習(xí)慣了經(jīng)常去我們互相看了一眼,就知道我們的想法是一致的,自從我撞上本的看臺(tái)并被送走后,我們就習(xí)慣了經(jīng)常四處走動(dòng)。起初,我4 佛羅里達(dá),但當(dāng)我滑旱冰進(jìn)入本的檸檬水?dāng)倳r(shí),一切都變了。我們聲稱。但我想,也許檸檬水里有大約6 個(gè)檸檬水,當(dāng)檸檬水如雨點(diǎn)般落在我們身上時(shí),它施下了咒語,使我們成為永遠(yuǎn)的朋友。”我們斷言。 “也許你的家人也會(huì)搬到弗吉尼亞州?!北菊f。 “也許你的家人也會(huì)搬到弗吉尼亞州。”本說。 “是的,也許吧。”我知道機(jī)會(huì)很小,但我還是對我笑了笑,雖然看起來很悲傷,但我在他身上也看到了7。 “我知道機(jī)會(huì)渺茫,但我還是選擇了希望。本對我微笑?!拔矣幸粋€(gè)檸檬水?dāng)偽? 給你?!薄叭缓笪視?huì)收拾我的溜冰鞋。 “那我就穿一件雨披” 我們9 號。潮濕的佛羅里達(dá)夜晚籠罩著我們,我感覺到有一小滴液體濺到了我的手臂上。我知道這可能是雨,但我仍然認(rèn)為,也許,這是一滴神奇的檸檬水,因?yàn)榈厍蛏蠜]有任何東西可以打破我們之間的10。我感覺,佛羅里達(dá)潮濕的夜晚籠罩著我們,我們都笑了。我的手臂上有一滴液體。我知道可能會(huì)下雨,但我仍然想,也許,那是一滴神奇的檸檬水,因?yàn)槭澜缟蠜]有任何東西可以打破我們之間的紐帶。

1.A.聲音B. 模式C.數(shù)字D. 符號2.A.頑皮B. 感激C.開朗D. 有意義3.A.失敗B. 軟化C.沉沒D. 松了口氣4.A.討厭B. 錯(cuò)過了C.探索D. 贊賞5。 A. 逐漸地B. 狹窄地C.不斷D. 意外6.A.標(biāo)志B. 魔法C.味道D.wish7.A.希望B. 喜悅C.勇氣D. 支持8.A.必要B. 方便C.準(zhǔn)備好D. 有用9.A.掙扎B. 爭論C.笑了D. 妥協(xié)10.A.規(guī)則B. 債券C.障礙D. 平衡劉凱老師分析:這篇完形填空是一篇記敘文。這次完形填空的難度還不錯(cuò),大家都能輕松理解文章的大意了!

文章的大意是:我正要睡覺,有人敲我的窗戶。轟隆隆,轟隆隆,然后停頓了三秒。繁榮,繁榮,我立刻就知道那是我最好的朋友,本。

劉凱老師介紹,劉凱,男,蒙古族,黑龍江齊齊哈爾人。本科畢業(yè)于哈爾濱師范大學(xué)英語系,碩士畢業(yè)于北京理工大學(xué)。 2010年赴美國賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)交流學(xué)習(xí); 2013年美國亞利桑那大學(xué)訪問學(xué)者; 2015年,在澳大利亞新南威爾士大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)ESL; 2018年獲得加州理工學(xué)院語言學(xué)雙學(xué)位; 2019年赴澳大利亞麥考瑞大學(xué)交流學(xué)習(xí); GRE托福考試全球得分最高者;獲得長江商學(xué)院EMBA學(xué)位。

北京市優(yōu)秀青年教師,北京市重點(diǎn)高中示范學(xué)校骨干教師,多年高中一線教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn),高三關(guān)卡老師,多次參加?xùn)|城區(qū)模擬試題、命題,教學(xué)理念先進(jìn),教學(xué)成果突出,多篇教學(xué)論文榮獲市級獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。多篇文章發(fā)表在《中國教育報(bào)》 《中國考試》 《北京教育》等報(bào)刊上。多次參與高考閱卷工作,參與人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外語研究出版社等各類高考教材的編寫。擁有豐富的高考備考經(jīng)驗(yàn),在國際核心期刊發(fā)表多篇論文。

教育部項(xiàng)目研究員,參與國家“十二五”規(guī)劃課題并做出突出貢獻(xiàn)。參與初高中各年級區(qū)級試題的編寫,多次承擔(dān)區(qū)級、市級課題研究任務(wù)。北京市優(yōu)秀科技英語輔導(dǎo)員。他的學(xué)生多次在各級英語口語、作文比賽中獲獎(jiǎng)。他以扎實(shí)的英語基礎(chǔ)功底和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶W(xué)術(shù)思維作為教學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。他上課善于寓教于樂,信息量大。內(nèi)容豐富,讓學(xué)生在和諧的課堂氛圍中欣賞、享受、掌握、使用英語。

2009年至2012年多次受邀主持北京廣播電臺(tái)英語高考大綱解析及英語新課改節(jié)目。他學(xué)術(shù)功底深厚,兼具偶像與強(qiáng)人的特質(zhì),教風(fēng)友善自由,幽默風(fēng)趣,心胸開闊。他常常有奇思妙想,善于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)以致用,對高考動(dòng)向有著極其準(zhǔn)確的把握。他很受學(xué)生和家長的歡迎。尤其擅長英語語法和單詞記憶。

海外生活學(xué)習(xí)十年,偏愛社會(huì)科學(xué)、人文學(xué)科;教雅思10年,知名教師培訓(xùn)師;指導(dǎo)數(shù)萬名考生快速?zèng)_刺雅思寫作和閱讀,平均分7.5分;他獨(dú)創(chuàng)了“段落清理”和極簡“針對性”“檢索”閱讀法等多項(xiàng)高效技巧;每年雅思考試超過10次;平均分8+;真題回憶準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)到97%以上;貼近西式思維和語言指導(dǎo)學(xué)生寫作;善于幫助學(xué)生突破學(xué)術(shù)寫作的思維瓶頸。教授的科目包括長難句、翻譯、四六級考試、閱讀和寫作;在2014年、2015年、2017年、2019年四年的考研中,接受其培訓(xùn)的考生中近萬名考生取得了高分。它給學(xué)生帶來的不僅僅是考試成績的提升,更是英語理解和感知的突破。他純正的英語發(fā)音、獨(dú)特的見解、睿智的思維和輕松幽默的語言,贏得了廣大學(xué)生的認(rèn)可和喜愛。

高級考研培訓(xùn)導(dǎo)師;

四、六級考試組高級講師;

雅思閱讀、雅思寫作培訓(xùn)名師;

英語六級考試閱卷組成員;

他深諳命題規(guī)則和解題套路,對學(xué)習(xí)英語的規(guī)則和方法有獨(dú)到的見解。

呼吁中國人學(xué)習(xí)英語的態(tài)度:

重復(fù)是記憶之母。

用心去聽、去讀、去觸摸每一個(gè)字,你就會(huì)有美好的記憶。

中國人要想學(xué)好英語,就得變態(tài)一點(diǎn)。

上課特點(diǎn):上課無需點(diǎn)名,但無人缺席

教學(xué)理念:英語老師是幸運(yùn)的,也是有責(zé)任和學(xué)生一起敲開世界之門的!第二部分閱讀理解(兩部分,共38分) 閱讀第一部分(共14題,每題2分,共28分) 對于下面的文章,從A、B、C四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)每題中給出、D ,并將答卷上的選項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

古老且未修復(fù)的劇院在我們周圍隨處可見,但又很不被人注意。一本新的寫真集揭示了她們經(jīng)常被忽視的美麗。

我們周圍都是未修復(fù)的老劇院,不被人注意。一本新相冊揭示了她們經(jīng)常被忽視的美麗。

普羅克特劇院,新澤西州紐瓦克

新澤西州紐瓦克普羅克特劇院

盡管戶外的街頭小販可以買到食物,但為了表示尊重,劇院內(nèi)禁止攜帶食物。然而,在20 年代末,紐瓦克普羅克特劇院的經(jīng)營者開始設(shè)立看臺(tái),以改善大蕭條時(shí)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。爆米花和可樂將成為劇院收入的重要組成部分。雖然可以從戶外的街頭小販那里購買食物,但出于禮貌,劇院內(nèi)禁止飲食。然而,在20 年代末,紐瓦克普羅克特劇院的經(jīng)營者開始搭建露天看臺(tái),以改善大蕭條時(shí)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。爆米花和可樂將成為影院收入的重要組成部分。

普羅克托劇院,特洛伊,紐約

普羅克特劇院,特洛伊,紐約

該劇院最初于1914 年開業(yè),當(dāng)時(shí)名為普羅克特第四街劇院,曾接待過杰克·本尼(Jack Benny) 和鮑勃·霍普(Bob Hope) 等著名喜劇演員。 1929年起,陸續(xù)被接管,更名為普羅克特特洛伊劇院,并轉(zhuǎn)而放映電影,20世紀(jì)60年代開始放映二輪電影,1977年停業(yè)。 1979年、2010年,劇院進(jìn)行了修復(fù),但目前已不再使用。

它最初于1914 年開業(yè),當(dāng)時(shí)名為普羅克特第四街劇院,曾接待過杰克·本尼(Jack Benny) 和鮑勃·霍普(Bob Hope) 等著名喜劇演員。 1929年開始,陸續(xù)被接管,更名為普羅克特特洛伊劇院,并轉(zhuǎn)而放映電影。 20 世紀(jì)60 年代,它開始放映第二輪電影,并于1977 年關(guān)閉。1979 年,它被列入國家歷史名勝名錄(NRHP)。 2010年,劇院得到修復(fù),但現(xiàn)已不再使用。

紐約雷電華基思法拉盛劇院

紐約雷電華基思法拉盛劇院

最初于1928 年開業(yè)。RKO Keith 法拉盛劇院由托馬斯·蘭姆(Thomas Lamb) 設(shè)計(jì)。 1982年在NRHP上市。 1986年,劇院被新主人買下并關(guān)閉,新主人計(jì)劃在此處建造購物中心,故意破壞劇院大廳。 2019 年,盡管進(jìn)行了保護(hù)工作,大廳還是被拆除,為住宅塔樓讓路。

雷電華基思法拉盛劇院最初于1928 年開業(yè),由托馬斯·蘭姆(Thomas Lamb) 設(shè)計(jì)。 1982年在NRHP上市。 1986年,劇院被新主人買下并關(guān)閉,新主人計(jì)劃在這里建造一座購物中心,并故意破壞大廳。 2019年,盡管進(jìn)行了保護(hù)工作,大廳還是被拆除,為住宅樓讓路。

費(fèi)城大都會(huì)歌劇院/fldelfi/

費(fèi)城大都會(huì)歌劇院

該劇院最初于1908年開業(yè),當(dāng)時(shí)名為費(fèi)城歌劇院。1920年代,它更名為大都會(huì)歌劇院,除了接待各種歌劇公司外,還放映無聲電影。 20世紀(jì)40年代,這里成為運(yùn)動(dòng)場。 1954年,這里被辟為教堂。 20世紀(jì)90年代末。該建筑由馬克·哈切爾(Mark Hatcher) 購買。教堂和開發(fā)商就修復(fù)一座音樂場館達(dá)成協(xié)議,該場館已于2018 年竣工并重新開放。

該劇院最初于1908 年開業(yè),當(dāng)時(shí)名為費(fèi)城歌劇院。 1920年代,更名為大都會(huì)歌劇院,除了主辦各歌劇團(tuán)外,還放映無聲電影。 20世紀(jì)40年代,這里被改建成運(yùn)動(dòng)場。 1954年改建為教堂。 20世紀(jì)90年代末。該建筑由馬克·哈切爾(Mark Hatcher) 購買。教堂和開發(fā)商就音樂場館的修復(fù)達(dá)成協(xié)議,該場館于2018 年完工并重新開放。 21. 1920% 后期,紐瓦克的普羅克特劇院(Proctor’ Theatre) 的看臺(tái)設(shè)置為_______。

20 年代末,紐瓦克普羅克特劇院設(shè)立了看臺(tái)

A. 尊重客人

B.增加劇院收入

C. 宣傳新上映的電影

D. 與街頭小販競爭22.從文章中我們可以知道什么我們可以從文章中知道什么

A. RKO基思的法拉盛劇院保存完好。

特洛伊的B. Proctor's 劇院現(xiàn)在正在放映二輪電影。

C. 大都會(huì)歌劇院的功能發(fā)生了變化。

紐瓦克D. Proctor's Theatre 已正式列入NRHP.23。這段文字的目的是什么這段文字的目的是什么

A. 對舊的和未修復(fù)的劇院進(jìn)行排名。

B.展示美國戲劇的發(fā)展。

C. 鼓勵(lì)人們保護(hù)老劇院。

D. 提供有關(guān)被忽視的舊劇院的信息。

對于未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的人來說,乒乓球只是一個(gè)乒乓球。致貝弗莉·克利里的粉絲。這是兩個(gè)老鼠用的摩托車頭盔。

對于外行來說,乒乓球只是乒乓球。獻(xiàn)給貝弗利·克利里的粉絲。這是兩個(gè)老鼠用的摩托車頭盔。

自從我讀了克利里關(guān)于騎摩托車的老鼠拉爾夫的系列文章后,我從未以同樣的方式看待乒乓球或世界。令人驚訝的是,自從我從諾斯波特的學(xué)校圖書館借閱《老鼠和摩托車》以來已經(jīng)四十多年了,但那幅特定的圖像對我來說仍然像以前一樣清晰。

自從讀了克利里關(guān)于摩托車鼠拉爾夫的系列小說后,我就不再以同樣的方式看待乒乓球—— 或世界了。令人驚訝的是,自從我從諾斯波特的學(xué)校圖書館借了《老鼠和摩托車》 以來,四十多年過去了,但那個(gè)特定的圖像對我來說仍然像以前一樣清晰。

為什么不呢?它是完美的。

為什么不?這是完美的。

我多么想要一只自己的老鼠騎著玩具摩托車在我家周圍轉(zhuǎn)悠??!感謝克利里的天才,會(huì)說話的老鼠朋友似乎不僅是可能的,而且是可能的。

我多么希望有一只自己的老鼠騎著玩具摩托車在我的房子里轉(zhuǎn)來轉(zhuǎn)去!感謝克利里的天才,會(huì)說話的老鼠朋友似乎不僅是可能的,而且是可能的。

雖然許多兒童文學(xué)都試圖從明智而溫和的成年人的角度來解釋世界,但克利里創(chuàng)造的人物只有孩子才能看到世界。我懷著極大的興趣閱讀了每一本以貝弗利·克利里名字命名的書。她就像一位朋友,以我自己還不了解的方式了解我。

雖然許多兒童文學(xué)試圖從明智、溫和的成年人的角度來解釋世界,但克利里的人物卻從只有孩子才能看到的角度來看待世界。我饒有興趣地閱讀了每一本以貝弗利·克利里命名的書。她就像一個(gè)理解我的朋友,盡管我還不了解自己。

我已經(jīng)寫了八本兒童讀物,并且始終牢記貝弗利的好奇心。我不記得我到底是在什么年紀(jì)決定寫書的,但我知道

that by second or third grade, my teacher assigned a project that allowed us to focus on whatever we wanted. My best friend picked dolphins; I chose children's authors. with a large chunk of my project being about who else Beverly Cleary! 我已經(jīng)寫了八本兒童讀物,并一直將貝弗利的好奇心銘記在心。我不記得我是在什么年齡決定寫書的,但我知道在二、三年級的時(shí)候,我的老師布置了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,讓我們能夠?qū)W⒂谖覀兿胍娜魏问虑?。我最好的朋友選擇了海豚;我選擇了兒童作家。我的項(xiàng)目大部分都是關(guān)于誰的 貝弗莉佳! I told that story recently to a school group. One of the students said, “That's fantastic! You did your project on children's authors and then you became one!” 我最近把這個(gè)故事告訴了一個(gè)學(xué)校小組。其中一個(gè)學(xué)生說:“太好了!你完成了兒童作家的研究項(xiàng)目,然后你就成了一個(gè)作家!” “Yes.” I said. “And my best friend who did her project on dolphins---became a dolphin!” “是的?!蔽艺f?!拔易詈玫呐笥炎隽艘粋€(gè)關(guān)于海豚的項(xiàng)目,她變成了一只海豚!” “Really ” the students said in chorus. “真的嗎 學(xué)生們異口同聲地說。 And that perfectly sums up why I love writing for children: the belief that fantastic, magical things can happen. Best friends can become dolphins; mice can ride toy motorcycles and become our friends. 這完美地總結(jié)了我為什么喜歡為孩子們寫作:相信奇妙、神奇的事情會(huì)發(fā)生。最好的朋友可以變成海豚;老鼠可以騎玩具摩托車,成為我們的朋友。 That's what Beverly Cleary taught me. In the hands of a gifted storyteller, anything is possible... and so very funny. 這是貝弗利·克利里教我的。在一個(gè)有天賦的說書人手中,一切皆有可能。非常有趣。 24.The Mouse and the Motorcycle impressed the author mainly because_______.《老鼠和摩托車》給作者留下深刻印象主要是因?yàn)? A.it recorded animals’ life B.it revealed the wisdom of life C.it encouraged children to raise pets D.it described the world from children's eyes25.When learning the author's friend became a dolphin, the students felt ______.當(dāng)?shù)弥髡叩呐笥炎兂闪撕k鄷r(shí),學(xué)生們感到 A. amazed B. doubtful C. scared D. confused26.What is the passage mainly about 這篇文章主要講的是什么 A. What the author created to attract children B. What the author did to turn impossible into possible C. How Beverly Cleary aroused children's interest in reading D. How the author was inspired to be a writer by Beverly Cleary C When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier(冰川)on the Swiss Alps’ Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche's(崩塌)critical characteristics. 2017年,當(dāng)一塊冰從瑞士阿爾卑斯山脈艾格爾山上的一座崩塌的冰川上落下時(shí),它產(chǎn)生的部分長而深沉的聲音太低,人類的耳朵無法探測到。但這些振動(dòng)是計(jì)算冰崩關(guān)鍵特征的關(guān)鍵。 Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. “This was different,” Johnson says. “A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound." Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal. which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse-a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier's main body-is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice, A glacier "can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break-offs.” says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses. Researchers often use radar to frack ice avalanches, which is precise hut expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, inpidual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements. says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel.” The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this," she says. Isolating the relevant signal helps the researchers monitor an ice avalanche's speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade's physical details. 27.What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 我們能從第二段和第三段中學(xué)到什么 A. Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials. B. Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions. C. Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches. D. Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.28.Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar 次聲雷達(dá)的優(yōu)勢是什么 A. The combination with other relevant signals. B. The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche. C. The ability in picking up signals in wider areas. D. The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.29.The underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refers to第4段中劃線的“this”指的是 A. distinguishing different components of a signal B. detecting multiple avalanches at the same time C. calculating the speed and path of ice avalanches D. monitoring the specific location of ice break-offs30.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage 下面哪個(gè)是這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題 A. From Fire to lee B. Glacier Whispers C. Nature is Warning D. Secret of Ice Avalanches D In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Carolina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies, His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual poles can present huge conflicts. 在超過25年的時(shí)間里,德西蒙通過創(chuàng)辦幾家公司,將他的研究成果轉(zhuǎn)化為商業(yè)黃金。作為北卡羅來納大學(xué)(University of North Carolina)的教員,他提供科學(xué)建議,并持有這些企業(yè)的股權(quán)。但他從未真正管理過他的公司,他的雇主禁止他同時(shí)擔(dān)任學(xué)術(shù)職位和行政職位。兩極可能會(huì)帶來巨大的沖突。 Conflicts of interest(COIs) occur when an inpidual's personal interests-family, friendships. financial, or social factors-could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life. In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals. Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator's company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren't actually working for his private companies. Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties. Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can't be an impartial(公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.” Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process.” she says, “if you make some money that's good as well.”31.The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to______.第一段中DeSimone的例子主要用于 A. raise a question B. report a finding C. introduce a topic D. present a theory32.To better deal with COIs, _______. A. researchers have to quit their job at the university B. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist C. institutions need to monitor the staff's career and relationships D. institutions should train researchers to create management plans33.What can we learn from the passage 我們能從文章中學(xué)到什么 A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly. B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies. C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer's decision.34.What can we infer from the passage 我們能從文章中推斷出什么 A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations. B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity. C.COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains. D.COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. 35 Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias(偏見),a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.你在做決定之前會(huì)花多少時(shí)間做研究 有些人在做出選擇之前會(huì)仔細(xì)檢查每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。但相當(dāng)多的人會(huì)迅速得出結(jié)論。心理學(xué)家稱這種思維方式為認(rèn)知偏差,即傾向于某種特定的心理錯(cuò)誤。 To study “jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. 36 In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did-even when their answers were wrong. So what is behind "jumping" Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non- jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts._ 37 It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusion made at first blush without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning. 38 A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants’ overconfidence. In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one, 39 Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice. A. Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers. B. Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence. C. But a fair number of inpiduals are quick to jump to conclusions. D. It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision. E. We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping F. The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers. G. Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共節(jié)32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題,第4041題各2分,第42題3分,第43題5分、共12分)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。 You might not have heard of the "fresh start effect", but if you've ever made a New Year's resolution. You’re familiar with it. It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed. 你可能沒聽說過“新開始效應(yīng)”,但如果你曾下過新年決心的話。你對它很熟悉。它指的是在特殊場合或關(guān)鍵日期過后,人們?yōu)榱藢?shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)而采取行動(dòng)的傾向。 The fresh start effect is simple. Most people want to improve themselves in some way. When we hit important milestones. We’re often likely to reflect: are we where we thought we’d be by a certain age Was this year a successful year, or did we waste it Annual landmarks like birthdays, or the start of a new year, signify a new time period and an opportunity to leave slip-ups behind and to set new goals for better behavior. 重新開始的效果很簡單。大多數(shù)人都想在某些方面提高自己。當(dāng)我們達(dá)到重要的里程碑時(shí)。我們經(jīng)常會(huì)想:我們在某個(gè)年齡會(huì)達(dá)到我們想要達(dá)到的高度嗎 今年是成功的一年,還是我們浪費(fèi)了它?每年的里程碑,比如生日,或者新的一年的開始,都意味著一個(gè)新的時(shí)期,意味著一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),可以把錯(cuò)誤拋在身后,為更好的行為設(shè)定新的目標(biāo)。 Research shows that anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect. For example, people aged 29,39,49 etc. were 48% more likely to run a marathon for the first time. When they were approaching a new decade, they were more likely to search for meaning in their lives and try to improve themselves. The reason is simple. When we see our past self as separate from our current self, we feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action. 研究表明,對新開始的期待是“新開始效應(yīng)”的關(guān)鍵動(dòng)力。例如,29歲、39歲、49歲等年齡的人第一次參加馬拉松的可能性要高出48%。當(dāng)他們接近新的十年時(shí),他們更有可能尋找生活的意義,努力提高自己。原因很簡單。當(dāng)我們把過去的自己和現(xiàn)在的自己分開時(shí),我們會(huì)覺得更容易制定新的目標(biāo)并采取行動(dòng)。 What's interesting about the fresh start effect is that we don't need to wait for big milestones to take advantage of this sudden dose of motivation. Studies show that the firs! day of each month and even each week can also inspire us. These days, known as "temporal landmarks", encourage us to step back and evaluate our current situation. And when we do this. we gain the motivation to be better: we become more driven and more productive. That is why people are more likely to start diets or exercise plans on Monday, rather than the next day. “重新開始效應(yīng)”的有趣之處在于,我們不需要等到重大的里程碑,就可以利用這種突然產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力。研究表明冷杉!每個(gè)月的一天,甚至每個(gè)星期的一天也可以激勵(lì)我們。這些日子,被稱為“時(shí)間里程碑”,鼓勵(lì)我們退后一步,評估我們的現(xiàn)狀。當(dāng)我們這樣做的時(shí)候。我們獲得了變得更好的動(dòng)力:我們變得更有動(dòng)力,更有效率。這就是為什么人們更有可能在周一開始節(jié)食或鍛煉計(jì)劃,而不是第二天。 Fresh starts are exciting opportunities to learn from your mistakes and move forward. So if you're currently experiencing loss of motivation, questioning the meaning of your work, or just feel like you're stuck in a rut【一成不變】, why don't you use the fresh start effect in your own life 全新的開始是令人興奮的機(jī)會(huì),讓你從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)并繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。所以,如果你現(xiàn)在正經(jīng)歷失去動(dòng)力,質(zhì)疑你工作的意義,或者感覺自己陷入了窠梏,為什么不在自己的生活中運(yùn)用“重新開始效應(yīng)”呢 40.According to the passage, what is “fresh start effect” 根據(jù)文章,什么是“fresh start effect” 41.Why is it that "anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect" 為什么“對新開始的期待是新開始效應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵動(dòng)力” 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.請判斷下列哪個(gè)部分是錯(cuò)誤的,然后在下面劃線并解釋為什么。◆A fresh start like the first day of each week is a time when we forget about our mistakes and move forward.像每周的第一天這樣一個(gè)全新的開始,是我們忘記錯(cuò)誤并繼續(xù)前進(jìn)的時(shí)候。43.Besides the fresh start effect, in what other ways do you motivate yourself in your life 除了重新開始效應(yīng),在生活中你還用什么方式激勵(lì)自己 (In about 40 words)

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