托福聽(tīng)力材料：Geology

托福聽(tīng)力：關(guān)于校園服務(wù)的材料

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托福聽(tīng)力材料：Geology

geology。

last time,we started to talk about glaciers and how these masses of ice form) from crystallized snow,and someof you were amazed at how huge some of these glaciers are. Now,even though it may be difficult tounderstand how a huge mass of ice can move or flow, it’s another word for it, it’s really known that no secret that the glaciers flow，because of gravity. But how they flow,and the way they flow needs some explaining. Now，the first type of the glaciers flow is called:basal slip。basal slip or sliding as it’s often called，basically refers to the slipping or sliding of glacier across bedrock,actually across the thin layerof water, on top of the bedrock. So, this process shouldn’t be too hard to imagine. What happens is that the ice of the base of the glacier is under a greatdeal of pressure——the pressure coming from the weight of the overlaying ice. And you probably knowthat under pressure,the melting temperature of water, of the ice I mean, is reduced.so，ice at the base of the glacier melts,even though it’s below zero degree Celsius. And this results in thin layer of water between the glacier And ground。this layer of waterreduces friction is…is like a lubricant. And it allows the glacier to slide or slip over the bedrock. Ok,now the nexttype of movement we will talk about is called: deformation。you & rsquo;v already known that the ice is brittle，if you hit it with hammer it will shatter like glass. But ice is also plastic，it can change the shape without breaking. If you leave,for example，a bar of ice supported only at one end，they end,the unsupported end will deform under its own way due---kind of flatten out one into getstored it deformed it. Thinkdeformation as a very slow oozing. Depending on the stresses on theglacier,the ice crystal was in the re-organized. And during this re-organization the ice crystalsrealign in a way that allowsthem to slide pass each other. And so the glacier oozes downhill withoutany ice actually melting. Now,there are a couple of the factors that affect the amount ofdeformation that takes place or the speed of the glaciersmovement for example. deformation is morelikely to occur the thicker the ices,because of the gravity of the weight of the ice. Andtemperature also plays part here,in that cold ice does not move as easily as ice that is close tomelting point, in fact,it is not too different from&hellip . the way oil is，thicker at lower temperatures. So，if you had a glacier in a lightly warmer region,it will flow faster than the glacier in a coolerregion. Ok, um…Now, let&rsquo。touch briefly on extension and compression. You textbook includes these as type as a particulartype of glaciermovement, but you will see that these are …cause many textbooks that omitted as type of movement as included. And I might not include rightnow,if there one ’t in your textbooks. But, basically, the upper parts of glaciers have less pressure on them. So，they don-rsquo;they tend to be more brittle. And crevasses can form in this upper layer of theglacier. When the glacier comes intocontact with bedrock walls or is otherwise under some kinds ofstress, but can’t deform quickly enough.so，the ice would expand or constrict,and that can cause big fissures big cracks to form in the surfaceof the layer of ice,and that brittle surface ice moving is sometimes considered a type of glaciermovement depending on which source you can . thaw to. Now, as you probably know，glaciers generally move really slowly. But sometimes，they experience surges,and during these surges, in some places，they can move its speeds as high as 7000 meters per year. Now,a speeds like that are pretty unusual，100 of times faster than the regular movement of glaciers,but you can actually see glacier moveduring these surges, though it is rare。

托福聽(tīng)力：關(guān)于校園服務(wù)的材料

托福聽(tīng)力:關(guān)于校園服務(wù)的材料。

托福聽(tīng)力材料一、diet problems(飲食問(wèn)題)

民以食為天。

如果吃得不好，學(xué)習(xí)的表現(xiàn)和效率自然就會(huì)下降。

因此，吃飯問(wèn)題，也就是食堂問(wèn)題，在新托?？荚囍幸彩遣蛔兊闹黝}。

在美國(guó)，學(xué)生一般會(huì)去4個(gè)地方。其中一個(gè)是dinning hall，離學(xué)生的dormitory近，它是學(xué)校里最大最多的食堂。一般是自助餐，參加meal plan的學(xué)生都在這里吃飯。價(jià)格比較便宜。

其二是cafeteria，它離教學(xué)樓比較近，大部分教員、學(xué)校職員中午都在這里吃午飯，cafeteria是非自助餐性的，吃多少買(mǎi)多少，但是比較貴，而且經(jīng)常排隊(duì)。

話雖如此，住在apartment的學(xué)生大部分中午都在這里吃飯，省去了很多麻煩，下午有課的學(xué)生也不用回去。

第三個(gè)是restaurant。因?yàn)樵谛Ｍ猓员容^貴，但是有些同學(xué)會(huì)或者趕不上食堂吃飯的時(shí)間，就不得不去西餐廳了。

最后是快餐店，一般是麥當(dāng)勞、肯德基等，幾乎沒(méi)有托福的內(nèi)容。

在我們的考試中，郵件?主要是想修改計(jì)劃、改變套餐之類的，餐廳的工作人員會(huì)告訴他們營(yíng)養(yǎng)問(wèn)題，盡量讓他們更新。

或者是關(guān)于食堂衛(wèi)生和食品安全的建議等。

托福聽(tīng)力資料二、bookstore(書(shū)籍查詢)

乍一看很枯燥，但在托?？荚囍惺潜容^普遍的。

那是因?yàn)樵趪?guó)外學(xué)習(xí)的教材費(fèi)很高，很多書(shū)印刷得很好，是銅版印刷的。

因此，很多學(xué)生都有購(gòu)買(mǎi)兩本書(shū)的習(xí)慣，可以以5 ~ 6折的價(jià)格買(mǎi)到80%的新教材。

同時(shí)，每個(gè)semester新學(xué)期，教授都會(huì)有一個(gè)booklist，擺上選這個(gè)教授的課所需要的書(shū)，有幾個(gè)圖書(shū)館可以借，經(jīng)常onrecall(召回)，僧多粥少，所以晚回家的童鞋自然會(huì)后悔，這種時(shí)候就需要在書(shū)店買(mǎi)必要的教材。

如果教材是專業(yè)書(shū)，必須從專業(yè)書(shū)店購(gòu)買(mǎi)，或者學(xué)生購(gòu)買(mǎi)后不習(xí)慣所選的科目，剛開(kāi)始上課就輟學(xué)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生糾紛。

在新托福考試中，學(xué)生和書(shū)店店員之間通常會(huì)展開(kāi)這樣的對(duì)話。學(xué)生們要記住一點(diǎn)。書(shū)店店員總是很負(fù)責(zé)，很熱心地幫學(xué)生找書(shū)，但是如果要還的話，很抱歉，錢(qián)是不能還的。

托福聽(tīng)力材料三、declare class or drop the course(選課退會(huì)問(wèn)題)

關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我有時(shí)會(huì)和顧問(wèn)討論，有時(shí)也會(huì)和教授直接討論，多少會(huì)接觸一些。

例如，“從入門(mén)課程到高級(jí)課程”(Intro course/advanced course)，“從入門(mén)課程到高級(jí)課程”(Intro course/advanced)course)、“從入門(mén)課程到高級(jí)課程”(Intro course/advanced course)等。如何選擇受歡迎的課程呢?另外，也有因?yàn)檫x的課上不了而想退課的情況，但是老師會(huì)建議學(xué)生把課結(jié)束(sign up for/ register for/ enroll in/ enlist in/)drop, quit)。

當(dāng)然，還會(huì)有其他的話題。

托福聽(tīng)力材料四、Campus facilities(用于校園設(shè)施)

在北美的大學(xué)里，學(xué)生們?cè)谑褂眯@內(nèi)的各種設(shè)施時(shí)，會(huì)遇到一些問(wèn)題。這種情況下，要和各個(gè)設(shè)施的工作人員商量。

問(wèn)題主要是time(設(shè)備的使用時(shí)間是固定的)。fees(根據(jù)設(shè)施的不同，可能會(huì)追加使用費(fèi)，所以很多節(jié)儉的學(xué)生都有抱怨);requirement(使用設(shè)施和服務(wù)需要證明、申請(qǐng)和提前預(yù)約)。

各種設(shè)施的工作人員機(jī)智化解了學(xué)生因各種原因不能使用其設(shè)備的不滿和憤怒，堪稱為人民服務(wù)的典范。

這里舉兩個(gè)例子。例如，在托?？荚囍?，學(xué)生抱怨體育館的門(mén)卡不能上游泳課，需要額外收費(fèi)，女學(xué)生生氣地說(shuō)“that&rsquo”。s not fair。于是這個(gè)守門(mén)大叔冷靜地回答:Well, I think if you can think about it.you ’ll see that it’被壓倒的女生預(yù)約了游泳考試。

在另一個(gè)例子中，有的學(xué)生因?yàn)闆](méi)有在學(xué)校主頁(yè)上公布社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，而焦急地?fù)?dān)心“當(dāng)天會(huì)不會(huì)沒(méi)有人來(lái)”，結(jié)果被服務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人的話治愈了。