Fluency & Coherence

流暢性及連貫性

1. Repeat after a recording 復(fù)述練習(xí)

The Frst time you repeat it will probably be slower than the actual recording so keep repeating until you gain the same speed as the native speaker. Be aware that you may need to use sound links, contractions and weakened forms to match their speed.

通常第一次做復(fù)述練習(xí)時，念的速度會比較慢，你必須重復(fù)練習(xí)，直到你講話的速度與以英語為母語的使用者的速度一致。練習(xí)速度時你必須同時活用“連音”、“縮略語”以及“弱讀音”。

2. Repeat the same topic 重復(fù)練習(xí)相同的主題

The first time you say a Part 2 topic, for example, you will produce a somewhat slow response with little information. The more often you repeat it, the more fluently your response should come out. Remember when you begin to produce more fluent answers, you will need to add more information to ensure that you keep talking for 1-2 minutes.

剛開始練習(xí)口語測試的Part 2時，你的反應(yīng)會較慢，頭腦中的資料會比較少，重復(fù)練習(xí)可以改善這種狀況。記住，當(dāng)你講得比較流利后，你就必須提供充分的資料來讓你的回答足以持續(xù)~2分鐘。

3. Use it or lose it 盡可能使用新詞匯

The reason why you pause or hesitate is often in search of vocabulary which is not readily available to you. The more you use a word, the more likely it will become active vocabulary. By the same token if you never use a word that you have learnt, it is destined to be forgotten.

通常你在口試時停頓或猶豫，是因為你正在腦海里尋找合適的詞匯。平時多練習(xí)使用學(xué)過的詞匯，詞匯才會真正屬于你。

4. Focus on English, not IQ 專注在英文能力上

Another reason why you may break down is that you have no opinion.As a student about to study your Master\'s Degree, of course you want to sound very educated and knowledgeable, but remember IELTS stands for International English Language Testing System, it\'s not an IQ test. Examiners are testing your English not your intelligence. If you can\'t think of a smart response, then say something obvious, boring, or even stupid but use good English while you are doing so. Saying something is better than nothing. If you say nothing then you lose points in each criterion, not just fluency. If you say something stupid, you will still gain points in each criterion. The only thing you may lose is face but who cares? You\'ll never see the examiner again.

導(dǎo)致你在發(fā)言中停頓的另一個原因是因為你沒有自己的看法。參加IELTS測試的考生多半是為了攻讀碩士，當(dāng)然會希望自己聽起來是個有知識的人。但請牢記，IELTS考查的是你的英文能力，而非智力。萬一實在沒有好的想法，或只有一些無趣、甚至愚蠢的想法，還是要盡量開口說，因為隨便說也比什么都不說好。

5. Read, read, read 閱讀各類型的文章

Again if you break down due to a lack of opinions then start reading up on a variety of topics and pay particular attention to different people\'s opinions. Nobody ever has a totally original opinion-everyone copies and adapts a number of ideas from various people when formulating their own opinion.

如果你是因為缺乏想法而導(dǎo)致回答停頓的話，那你必須開始閱讀各種類型的文章，并多注意別人所發(fā)表的意見。沒有人天生就是文思泉涌的，每個人都是參考別人的各種想法并將其轉(zhuǎn)換成自已的意見。

6. Don\'t be shy for 11-14 minutes 暫時拋開害羞的個性

Even if you are shy in your native country using your native language-a person known to be of few words, you will have to change your personality for a mere 11~14 minutes as the examiner can only make an evaluation of what he/she hears. Again, if they hear nothing or very little, then it will affect each criterion. Try to be as tallcative as possible and say as much as possible.

如果你是個害羞或不善言辭的人，那你必須在口試的11~14分鐘里暫時拋開你害羞的個性，盡可能讓自己表現(xiàn)得像個能言善辯的人。

7. Use signpost expressions 使用“指引性”的詞語

Signpost expressions are words that give the listener some direction, for example: Firstly, By this I mean, For instance, In contrast, To be honest. All these expressions give the listener some idea of what kind of information to expect next, which makes it easier to follow and understand the conversation.

使用一些“指引性”的詞語，給聽者指引方向，讓聽者能立即且清楚地知道你要表達的信息，例如:Firstly(首先)、By this I mean(我的意思是)、For instance(例如)、In contrast(相反)、To be honest(老實說)。

Lexical Resource

詞匯量

1. Read, read, read 盡可能多地閱讀文章

Read something you enjoy reading; the more you enjoy it, the more you will read and the more you read, the more vocabulary you will learn. It doesn\'t matter if you are reading a signpost on the street or Harry Potter-you can learn English anywhere and everywhere.

讀一些你感興趣的文章或書籍，讀得越多，你學(xué)習(xí)到的詞匯就越多。不管是街上的標(biāo)語，還是像《哈利·波特》這樣的小說，英文的學(xué)習(xí)是無所不在的。

2. Review, review, review 復(fù)習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)，再復(fù)習(xí)

If you don\'t review, you will forget. It is often boring to review, but it is absolutely essential to retain and consolidate vocabulary learnt. There\'s no point learning new words, in fact it would be a waste of time if you can\'t even remember the words you have learnt previously.

如果你不花時間復(fù)習(xí)，是很容易忘記的。復(fù)習(xí)雖然很無趣，但這是記住并鞏固詞匯必要的方法。如果連已經(jīng)學(xué)過的詞匯都記不得，那么拼命學(xué)新詞匯也只是在浪費時間。

3. Use an English-English dictionary 使用英一英字典

It may be difficult at first but it will have far-reaching effects, as every time you learn a new word you will be reviewing old vocabulary. These days learner dictionaries only use around 2,000 of the most common words found in the English language. Such a vocabulary base should already be developed by the stage a student gets to high school. A translator may have short-term benefits but will only slow you down in the long run.

一開始用英一英字典會感到困難，但當(dāng)你使用它查詢新詞匯時，你會同時復(fù)習(xí)到舊的詞匯，這樣的學(xué)習(xí)最有效。一般的英一英字典約使用2000個一般性詞匯，而這些詞匯是學(xué)生在高中階段就已具備的。使用電子字典，雖然可以快速查到詞匯的意思，但就長遠(yuǎn)來看，這反而會減慢你的學(xué)習(xí)腳步。

4. Use it or lose it 盡可能使用新詞匯

Always try to use new words in conversation or writing as this is the best way to remember a word. The more you use it, the easier it will be to recall next time you wish to use it.

當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)一個新單詞后，最好的辦法是一有機會就使用它。

5. Practise paraphrasing 練習(xí)改述

As a non-native speaker, it doesn\'t matter how many words you learn; there will always be a time when you don\'t know the word for something you wish to express.This will be even more likely when you are in a test and you are feeling nervous, tired and maybe even scared. Therefore it\'s important that you have the ability to paraphrase. Open up any book or even a dictionary and see if you can describe a word using other words-you may use a synonym, parallel expression or even a sentence to describe your meaning. Even native speakers use this technique as everyone\'s mind goes blank from time to time.

對于母語非英語的人來說，不論你學(xué)了多少單詞，仍然會有詞窮的時候，尤其在考試太過緊張時。因此，具備使用不同的表達方式來表達臨時想不出的詞匯的能力是極重要的。從一本書或字典中隨意選一個詞，試著使用同義詞甚至是句子來表達它的意思。就連母語為英語的人在臨時找不到詞匯表達時，也會如法炮制。

6. Learn ail word forms 學(xué)習(xí)所有的詞性變化

Students most commonly use an incorrect word form, that is, they use a noun when they should use a verb or they use an adjective when they should use an adverb.When you learn a new word also find out what the part of speech is and what the other word forms are.

一般學(xué)生最常犯的錯誤就是詞性，也就是該使用動詞時卻用了名詞，或該用副詞時卻用了形容詞。當(dāng)你學(xué)到一個新的單詞時，一定要把它的詞性變化一起記下來。

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

語法運用范圍與其正確性

1. Record yourself 錄下自己的聲音

Often when you are speaking you don\'t realise how many mistakes you make or what they are. You\'ll be surprised that you can actually pick up a lot of mistakes yourself if you replay your talk, and by copying it down, it will probably bring out even more errors. Once you\'ve noted your most common errors, get yourself a grammar practice book and practise your weaknesses.

將自己的口試練習(xí)錄下來，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己犯了許多平時沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)的錯誤。記下自己最常犯的錯誤，并使用語法書來練習(xí)自己語法較弱的地方。

2. Take apart and reconstruct sentences 分解、重組句子結(jié)構(gòu)

Open up any book and choose a sentence. Break up the sentence into smaller sentences and then without referring back to the original sentence see if you can put it back together again. In the IELTS you will need to be able to produce both short and complex sentence forms.You will not get a high score if you only use short simple sentences for the sake of accuracy.

隨便從一本書中挑一個句子，練習(xí)將句子分解成幾個較短的句子，再重組還原成完整的一句。在IELTS口試中，你必須兼顧短句及復(fù)合句的使用。如果為了句子的正確性而一直使用簡短的句子，肯定是不會得到高分的。

3. Practise linking words and expressions 練習(xí)使用連詞

The easiest way to make a sentence sound more complex is by using a linking word. Get yourself a grammar book and practise using conjunctions and linking words.

讓一個句子聽起來完整、漂亮的最簡單方式就是使用連詞，可使用語法書來練習(xí)連詞的用法。

4. Read, read, read 持續(xù)閱讀

The more you read, the more good grammar you will come across.The more accurate and complex grammar you are exposed to, the more likely it is that some of it will rub off on you.

你讀得越多，就越能使用復(fù)雜而正確的語法，以此來精確地表達你的意思。

Pronunciation

發(fā)音

1. Note down phonemics 記下單詞的音節(jié)

When you learn a new word, it is essential that you also learn how to say it otherwise you can use it in writing but not in speaking. By learning and using the phonemic script for each new word you learn, you will feel more confident when it comes to using it verbally.

當(dāng)你學(xué)到一個新的單詞時，練習(xí)它的正確發(fā)音是必要的，否則你充其量只會把詞匯用在書寫上而非口語上。

2. Repeat after a recording 復(fù)述練習(xí)

Practise repeating after a recording over and over again. The first time you may have the clarity but you will most likely be missing the other native speech patterns such as word and sentence stress, rhythm and intonation, sound links, weakened forms and contractions. Keep practising until it sounds identical to the native speaker.

做復(fù)述練習(xí)。你有可能已經(jīng)說得很清楚，但卻忽略了重音、音調(diào)或連音等。不斷地練習(xí)，直到自己的發(fā)音能近似于母語為英語者。

3. Read aloud 大聲念出來

This will help you to improve your motor skills. As English is not your mother tongue, your mouth will not be used to using certain muscles. Therefore they need to be given a workout as often as possible. If you read aloud a tapescript it will give you the opportunity also to listen and check your pronunciation.

這能幫助你訓(xùn)練嘴型和舌頭。英語并非你的母語，所以你并不習(xí)慣于某些肌肉的運用，因此你必須時常練習(xí)。大聲念出錄音稿，你就有更多的機會檢查自己的發(fā)音。

4. Listen, listen, listen 多聽

The more you listen, the more familiar the sounds of the English language will become to you. This will assist in predicting the pronunciation of new words in case you do not have a dictionary handy to look up the phonemics.

多練習(xí)聽力，你就能更熟悉英語音調(diào)，下次遇到新的詞匯時，無須查字典也能發(fā)出正確的音。