美國(guó)留學(xué)選擇什么專(zhuān)業(yè)好?留學(xué)美國(guó)熱門(mén)專(zhuān)業(yè)推薦
2019-06-26
更新時(shí)間:2024-04-21 07:09作者:小編
?稟賦效應(yīng)(Endowment Effect)是指人們對(duì)于已擁有的物品的價(jià)值感知,比起未擁有的物品,更容易高估其價(jià)值。這種現(xiàn)象在心理學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域被廣泛研究,并被認(rèn)為是人類(lèi)決策行為中的一種偏差。
稟賦效應(yīng)的音標(biāo)為 /?n?da?m?nt ??f?kt/。
稟賦效應(yīng)通常用來(lái)描述人們?cè)谧龀鰶Q策時(shí),對(duì)已擁有物品的情感依戀程度所產(chǎn)生的影響。它可以解釋為什么人們通常會(huì)對(duì)自己擁有的物品給予過(guò)高的價(jià)值,從而導(dǎo)致他們不愿意將其出售或交換。
1. The endowment effect can be observed when individuals are reluctant to part with items they already possess, even if they could potentially gain more value by exchanging or selling them. (當(dāng)個(gè)體們不愿意放棄他們已經(jīng)擁有的物品時(shí),就可以觀察到稟賦效應(yīng),即使通過(guò)交換或出售這些物品他們可能會(huì)獲得更多價(jià)值。)
2. This tendency to overvalue one's possessions can lead to irrational decision-making, such as holding onto a stock that is declining in value simply because one owns it. (這種對(duì)自己擁有物品的過(guò)高估值傾向會(huì)導(dǎo)致非理性的決策,比如僅僅因?yàn)閾碛心持还善倍钟兴?,即使它的價(jià)值正在下跌。)
3. The endowment effect can also be seen in the housing market, where homeowners tend to overvalue their own homes and are reluctant to sell them even when offered a higher price. (稟賦效應(yīng)也可以在房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)上看到,在那里,房主們往往會(huì)對(duì)自己的房屋給予過(guò)高的價(jià)值,并且即使被提出更高的價(jià)格也不愿意出售。)
4. Researchers have found that the endowment effect is stronger for items with sentimental value, such as family heirlooms or gifts from loved ones. (研究人員,稟賦效應(yīng)在具有感情價(jià)值的物品上更為強(qiáng)烈,比如家族傳承或來(lái)自親人的禮物。)
5. Overcoming the endowment effect can be difficult, but it is important for individuals to recognize and evaluate their emotional attachment to possessions in order to make rational decisions. (克服稟賦效應(yīng)可能很困難,但對(duì)個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō),認(rèn)識(shí)和評(píng)估對(duì)物品的情感依戀是做出理性決策的重要一步。)
稟賦效應(yīng)的同義詞包括稟賦效應(yīng)偏差(endowment effect bias)、所有權(quán)偏差(ownership bias)和物品價(jià)值偏差(object valuation bias)。這些詞匯都可以用來(lái)描述人們對(duì)已擁有物品的過(guò)高估值現(xiàn)象。
稟賦效應(yīng)是指人們對(duì)已擁有物品的價(jià)值感知比未擁有物品更容易高估的心理現(xiàn)象。它可以解釋為什么人們會(huì)對(duì)自己的物品情感依戀,從而導(dǎo)致他們不愿意出售或交換。這種偏差在決策行為中起著重要作用,特別是在金融和房地產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域。克服稟賦效應(yīng)可能很困難,但個(gè)人應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)并評(píng)估自己對(duì)物品的情感依戀,從而做出更理性的決策。